Dynamic Research on the Habitat and Population Quantity of Mongolian Wild Ass（Equus Hemionus）in Eastern Jungar Basin

Abstract

The Mongolian wild ass is the wildlife under National key protection in class 1. The Xinjiang Kalamaili Mountain Ungulate Nature Reserve in the east of the Jungar basin is the largest distribution area of Mongolian wild ass in China. Due to historical reasons, human activities in the reserve are increasing, which has a great adverse effect on wildlife including Mongolian wild ass. With the increasing attention of the state to the protection of wildlife resources and the ecological environment, more strict protection measures have been implemented in the reserve, and comprehensive improvement has been carried out. To intuitively show the implementation effect of these protective measures and work, the habitat suitability of Mongolian wild ass in reserve was evaluated in 2016 and early 2020. In addition, a systematic investigation was conducted on the population of Mongolian wild asses in the reserve. The results show that the suitable and sub-suitable habitats of Mongolian wild ass increased the 3720.51 km2 in 2020 compared with 2016, with the area proportion of reserve increasing from 83.3% to 97.9%, and the population quantity increased from 2144 ± 562 to 3197 ± 842, reflecting the influencing factors of Mongolian wild ass population change, which is of great significance for the future to formulate scientific and reasonable protection countermeasures, and it plays an important role in promoting the construction of the Kalamaili National Park.