The Impact of Chinese Tunnel Engineering on Groundwater in the Past 40 Years: A Review

Abstract

Tunnels play a crucial role in facilitating human activities, yet the potential impact of their construction on groundwater is often overlooked. With this in mind, this study delves into an investigation of 18 tunnels in North and South China. A thorough literature review and analysis uncover that the variance in hydrogeological conditions between the two regions during tunnel construction is the primary factor influencing differing levels of groundwater pollution. In South China, the groundwater condition is closely intertwined with surface water and is susceptible to the influence of tunnel construction. Conversely, the impact in the northern region is relatively limited due to slower groundwater flow and stable water quality. The investigation also highlights that the release of pollutants during tunnel excavation is the primary cause of groundwater pollution, leading to disruptions in both groundwater flow and quality. To mitigate these issues, it is essential to implement environmental protection measures and construction practices aimed at reducing the impact on groundwater resources, particularly in the southern region. This approach is vital for addressing the potential risks and minimizing the negative consequences associated with tunnel construction on groundwater