Research on the treatment of heavy metal ions by immobilized microbial technology

Abstract

With the development of human industry, the mining and utilization of heavy metals has become more and more extensive, especially in the past 200 years. However, the excessive discharge of industrial and domestic sewage, overuse of pesticides and fertilizers in the production process, as well as electronic waste and medical waste in human life have led to many heavy metal ions entering the environment, exceeding the environmental capacity and entering organisms in large quantities, threatening the ecosystem and human health. Therefore, how to economically and efficiently deal with the heavy metal ion pollution generated in the process of production and life has become a hot issue. Currently, the main methods for treating heavy metal ions are chemical precipitation, ion exchange, adsorption, membrane filtration, electrochemical treatment technology, etc. However, the traditional methods for heavy metal treatment are usually faced with the problems of high cost, high complexity and high energy consumption. In recent years, microbial immobilization technology has received wide attention for its advantages of improved microbial stability, high heavy metal ion removal rate, etc. The corresponding microorganisms are encapsulated and aggregated by immobilized carriers, which enhances the cellular bioburden capacity and environmental resistance and improves the microbial removal efficiency of heavy metals.